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E-Tourism

E - definitions

E-Strategy

E-strategy (Electronic Strategy) refers to the use of digital tools, online platforms, and information technology to plan, operate, and grow a business. It is the organization’s long-term plan for how it will use the internet and ICT to improve performance, reach customers, reduce costs, and gain competitive advantage.

Example:Using online marketing, cloud services, and data analytics to expand a tourism business.A travel company launching an app, digital booking system, and online marketing plan to attract global customers.
  1. Uses ICT to support business goals
  2. Includes online marketing, e-commerce, data analytics, automation
  3. Improves efficiency, communication, and customer reach
  4. Helps organizations stay competitive in a digital environment

E-Procurement

E-procurement (Electronic Procurement) is the online purchasing process where organizations buy goods and services from suppliers using the internet. It includes activities like searching suppliers, requesting quotes, placing orders, tracking deliveries, and making electronic payments.

  1. Buying goods/services online
  2. Includes ordering, bidding, payments, supplier selection
  3. Saves time and reduces paperwork
  4. Increases transparency and cost control
Example: A hotel buying food supplies, cleaning products, or equipment through an online vendor management system. A hotel ordering food supplies, toiletries, or room accessories through an online supplier portal.

E-Commerce

E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) refers to buying and selling goods or services over the internet. It includes online shopping, online payments, digital transactions, and electronic data exchange.

Example: Buying a flight ticket on an airline’s website.

E-Portal

An e-portal (Electronic Portal) is a website that serves as a single entry point to various information, services, or resources. It brings different services together in one place.

Example:A university portal where students access results, notices, forms, and courses.

Web Server

A web server is a software or hardware that stores web pages and delivers them to users when requested through a browser. It responds to user requests using HTTP/HTTPS.

Example: Apache, Nginx, Microsoft IIS.

Web Pages

A web page is a single document on the internet, written in HTML, and displayed through a web browser. It can contain text, images, videos, links, etc.

Example: The "Home" page of a website.

Website

A website is a collection of related web pages linked together under a single domain name. It usually has pages like Home, About, Contact, Services, etc.

Example: www.dinesh07.com.np.

Web Browser

A web browser is a software application used to view web pages from the internet. It sends requests to web servers and displays the web pages.

Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.

E-Supply Chain (Electronic Supply Chain)

E-supply chain refers to the use of digital technologies, the internet, and information systems to manage and coordinate all activities of a supply chain — from suppliers to manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. It integrates supply chain activities like purchasing, production, transportation, warehousing, inventory, and customer service using electronic systems.

A hotel or travel company using an online system to order supplies (food, equipment), track deliveries, manage inventory, and coordinate with suppliers in real time.

  1. Uses ICT and the internet to manage supply chain activities
  2. Improves coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, and customers
  3. Reduces costs, delays, and errors
  4. Allows real-time tracking of orders, inventory, and shipments
  5. Increases efficiency and transparency

Advantages of E-Supply Chain

  1. Faster Communication

    Information flows instantly between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers.

  2. Reduced Costs

    Less paperwork, fewer mistakes, lower inventory cost, and reduced labor cost.

  3. Real-Time Tracking

    Organizations can track orders, shipments, and inventory live.

  4. Improved Efficiency

    Automation reduces manual work and speeds up ordering, production, and delivery.

  5. Better Inventory Management

    Companies can maintain optimal stock levels through real-time data.

  6. Higher Customer Satisfaction

    Faster delivery, accurate information, and better service improve customer experience.

  7. Greater Transparency

    All parties can view important information like demand, stock, and delivery status.

Disadvantages of E-Supply Chain

  1. High Initial Cost

    Setting up the digital supply chain system (software, hardware, training) is expensive.

  2. Security Risks

    Data breaches, hacking, and cyberattacks can disrupt operations.

  3. Technical Issues

    System failures, server downtime, and software errors can stop the whole chain.

  4. Requires Skilled Staff

    Employees must be trained to use digital tools and supply chain software.

  5. Dependence on Technology

    If internet or systems fail, operations can slow down or stop completely.

  6. Integration Difficulty

    Different companies use different systems, making integration challenging.